Biodiversity, traditional knowledge and patent law: the case of Carapanaúba
DOI:
10.16928/e20200902004Keywords:
Carapanaúba Aspidosperma Patent Traditional knowledge WIPOAbstract
This article aims to investigate the existence of a possible logic of colonial appropriation in the international patent system, through information collected in the patentscope, a database from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Therefore, a study is carried out according to ethnographic reports and scientific articles on the natural genetic resource Aspidosperma sp., a plant occurring in the Amazon Forest, known as Carapanaúba. The data are collected, coded and compared using Grounded Theory, based on Kathy Charmaz's studies (2009), and the rules of inference from Gary King and Lee Epstein (2014). The ideas of Walter Mignolo (2008) and Aníbal Quijano (2000) are used as a theoretical point of departure. As a result of this research, a theory is extracted from the data, that is, the overlapping of the patent system with traditional knowledge is evident, demonstrating a relationship of appropriation and colonial power imposed from developed countries over developing countries.
References
ALMEIDA, Vera; SILVA, Cláudia; SILVA, Andreia; CAMPANA, Priscilla; FOUBERT, Kenn; LOPES, Júlio; PIETERS, Luc. Aspidosperma species: a review of their chemistry and biological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 231, p. 125-140, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.039
BARBOSA, Denis Borges. Quando a natureza sozinha resolve os problemas. Revista da ABPI, p. 3-16, 2015.
BARROS, Carla Eugenia Caldas. CGEN, patrimônio genético, conhecimentos tradicionais e patentes. In: Propriedade intelectual na agricultura. Belo Horizonte: Fórum, 2012, p. 195-213.
BARROS, Carla Eugênia Caldas. Visita ao museu da gente sergipana: existe verdade na arte de literatura de cordel, uma visão de direito autoral do artista plástico. PIDCC - Revista de Propriedade Intelectual, Direito Contemporâneo e Constituição, v. 4, n. 1, p. 186-227, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16928/2316-8080.v4n1p.186-227
CASTELLO, Ana; SIMÕES, André; PEREIRA, Andreza; KOCH, Ingrid. Aspidosperma. In: Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
CERAVOLO, Isabela; ZANI, Carlos; FIGUEIREDO, Flávio; KOHLHOFF, Markus; SANTANA, Antônio; KRETTLI, Antoniana. Aspidosperma pyrifolium, a medicinal plant from the Brazilian caatinga, displays a high antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity. Malaria Journal, v. 17, n. 1, p. 1-11, nov. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2568-y
CHANG, Ha-Joon. Intellectual property rights and economic development: historical lessons and emerging issues. Journal of Human Development, v. 2, n. 2, p. 287-309, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880120067293
CHARMAZ, Kathy. A construção da teoria fundamentada: guia prático para análise qualitativa. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2009.
DIEGUES, Antônio. O mito moderno da natureza intocada. 6. ed. São Paulo: Hucitec/Nupaub, 2008, p. 77-93.
EPSTEIN, Lee; KING, Gary. The rules of inference. The University of Chicago Law Review, v. 69, p. 1-133, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1600349
FERN, Ken. Tropical plants database.
GLASER, Barney G.; STRAUSS, Anselm L. Discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. Nova York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206
HENRIQUE, Marycleuma; NUNOMURA, Sérgio; POHLIT, Adrian. Alcaloides indólicos de cascas de Aspidosperma vargasii e A. desmanthum. Química Nova, v. 33, n. 2, p. 284-287, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422010000200010
MIGNOLO, Walter. La opción de-colonial: desprendimiento y apertura. Tabula Rasa, n. 8, p. 243-281, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.331
OLIVEIRA, V. B. et al. Atividade biológica e alcaloides indólicos do gênero Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae): uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, Botucatu, v. 11, n. 1, p. 92-99, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722009000100015
PEREIRA, Maria; JÁCOME, Rose; ALCÂNTARA, Antônio; ALVES, Rosemeire; RASLAN, Délio. Alcaloides indólicos isolados de espécies do gênero Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Química Nova, v. 30, n. 4, p. 970-983, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000400037
PEREIRA, M. D. M. et al. Constituintes químicos e estudo biológico de Aspidosperma nitidum (Apocynaceae). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 8, n. 3, p. 1-8, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.70151/ph1qd630
SILVA, Milena. Estudo farmacognóstico, fitoquímico e atividade antiplasmódica de Aspidosperma eteanum Markgr. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 2018.
SHIVA, Vandana. Biodiversity totalitarianism: IPRs as seed monopolies. Economic and Political Weekly, v. 32, n. 41, p. 2582-2585, 1997.
QUIJANO, Aníbal. Colonialidad del poder y clasificación social. Journal of World-Systems Research, v. 6, n. 2, p. 342-386, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2000.228
TANAKA, J. C. A.; SILVA, C. C. da; OLIVEIRA, A. J. B. de; NAKAMURA, C. V.; DIAS FILHO, B. P. Antibacterial activity of indole alkaloids from Aspidosperma ramiflorum. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, v. 39, n. 3, p. 387-391, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2006000300009
WIPO - WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION. Patent Cooperation Treaty.
ZHU, Feng; QIN, Chu; TAO, Lin; LIU, Xin et al. Clustered patterns of species origins of nature-derived drugs and clues for future bioprospecting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, n. 31, p. 12943-12948, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107336108
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright in their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. The licence applicable to this article is the one stated on its own page and corresponds to the policy in force on its date of publication.
Authors are permitted to deposit the published version in institutional and subject repositories, provided the original publication in this journal is acknowledged.
PIDCC charges no submission, processing or publication fees.
